What characterizes substance abuse?

Substance abuse is characterized by a pattern of use that leads to significant harm or distress, particularly to one's health and well-being. When use of a substance jeopardizes health, it often indicates a level of consumption that may be harmful or dangerous. This can include engaging in risky behaviors, experiencing negative consequences in social, occupational, or legal areas, or facing physical or mental health issues as a result of the substance use.

While intermittent usage of one substance may suggest a less severe relationship with that substance, it doesn't necessarily equate to abuse unless the usage leads to negative outcomes. Similarly, infrequent social use typically implies moderation and control, which contrasts with the definition of substance abuse. Furthermore, using substances in a controlled manner indicates a responsible approach, typically associated with recreational use rather than abuse.

In summary, the correct answer highlights the critical aspect of substance abuse — that it involves a harmful impact on health, which is a defining factor that distinguishes it from casual or controlled use of substances.